The Bull
Understanding the text
Answer the following questions.
a. Why have Gore and Jitman come to see Laxminarayan?
Gore and Jitman come to see Laxminarayan because they have received news of the death of Male, a bull that was a symbol of power and prestige in their village.
b. What, according to cowherds, is the reason behind the death of Male?
According to cowherds, the reason behind the death of the male was that he couldn’t eat more grass and couldn’t digest fine rice and a split gram soup.
c. Why does Ranabahadur want to see the bull himself?
Rana Bahadur wants to see the bull himself because he wants to see and examine the condition of the bull. He wants the bull to be cured if possible at Gauchar, Kathmandu so it doesn’t need to be transported to a hill
d. Why does Laxminarayan run ahead of the convoy at Thulo Gauchar?
Laxminarayan runs ahead of the convoy at Thulo Gauchar because he wants to convey the message to cowherds to tell them to take care of the bull. He urges to massage the bull’s back feet and wave the fan at the bull. In actuality, he wants to show king Rana bahadur shah that they are taking care of the bull. If not, the king would become angry and he would punish them.
e. Why do Gore and Jitman cry when the king declares that Male is dead?
Gore and Jitman cry when the king declares that Male is dead in order to feign sympathy and affection for the bull. Their crying is done in a pretentious manner, as they seek forgiveness from the king and hope to avoid any potential punishment. By showing their sorrow, they aim to shift the blame away from themselves and avoid being held accountable for the bull's death.
f. How do we learn that the bull is dead?
We come to know about the bull's death through several indications. The dialogue among the cowherds, Laxminarayan, and the king explicitly suggests the demise of the bull. Additionally, there are observable physical signs such as the bull's motionless eyes, loosened tail, lack of breath, dropped ears, and the inability to eat anything. These factors collectively point to the bull's demise.
g. How does the play make a satire on the feudal system?
The play "The Bull" by Bhimnidhi Tiwari criticizes the feudal system and how it treats people. The play shows how the system is cruel and doesn't value ordinary people. The characters in the play are scared and have to hide their true feelings to survive. Meanwhile, the animals owned by the king receive better treatment. The play aims to make fun of the feudal system by showing how it oppresses and mistreats the king's workers.
h. Write down the plot of the play in a paragraph.
In this one-act play, King Ranabahadur Shah is fond of rearing bulls and has a special bond with one named Male. However, Male falls sick and eventually dies, causing panic among the bull doctor, Laxminarayan Dahal, and the cowherds, Jitman and Gore. Laxminarayan tries to save himself and the cowherds from the king's wrath by hiding the bull's death. He goes to the palace to inform the king, who decides to visit the bull himself. Laxminarayan and the cowherds desperately try to revive the bull but ultimately fail. Jitman and Gore mourn the loss deeply, while the king tries to console them by promising them monetary compensation. The play explores themes of loyalty, loss, and the consequences of hiding the truth. The plot revolves around the emotional bond between a bull and King Rana Bahadur Shah.
Reference to the context
a. Discuss the late eighteenth-century Nepali society as portrayed in terms of the relation between the king and his subjects as portrayed in the play.
The play 'The Bull' portrays the late eighteenth-century Nepali society and its depiction of the relationship between the king and his subjects. During this period, Nepal was under the rule of the shah dynasty, characterized by a strict monarchy system. The play reflects the oppressive nature of Nepalese society, where individuals had limited freedom and their choices were dictated by the king or ruler. The subjects were compelled to live in fear and obey the commands of their masters, who treated them horrifically. Any dissent or opposing opinion was met with punishment. This play vividly depicts the miserable living conditions prevalent in Nepalese society, where people were denied basic rights, including political and financial knowledge. The society was deeply rooted in patriarchal ideals, with men having the privilege of marrying multiple wives, as illustrated by Laxminarayan's seven wives in the play. Ultimately, the king had complete control over the lives of the common people, exemplifying the power dynamics of the era.
b. What does the relation between Laxminarayan and his wives tell us about the society of that time? To what extent has the Nepali society changed since then?
Laxminarayan, the protagonist of the play, is a forty-year-old legal officer and the king's bull's doctor. His relationship with his wives, having a total of seven and planning to marry an eighth, sheds light on the societal norms of the time. The practice of having multiple wives reveals the prevalence of male dominance in that society, where men were permitted to marry more than one woman while women were subjected to the complete control and violence of their husbands. Women, being illiterate and unaware of their rights, were deprived of political and financial knowledge. Additionally, child marriage was common, further highlighting the reliance on male supremacy in the society.
However, since then, Nepali society has undergone significant transformations. The current situation, particularly for Nepali women, has greatly improved. Human rights and women's rights have been established to safeguard their basic rights. The literacy rate among women has increased substantially, and they have gained greater economic and political empowerment. The principles of equality and equity are now operational in Nepali society. Many patriarchal traditions such as child marriage and discriminatory customs (prathas) have been abolished. Numerous organizations are actively working towards the betterment of women. Overall, Nepali society has experienced significant changes in these aspects.
c. Shed light on the practice of chakari as portrayed in the play. Have you noticed this practice in your society?
During the reign of the monarchy, the practice of chakari was widespread and highly popular. People were eager to engage in chakari, which involved serving their leaders, monarchs, and lords. The primary motivation behind this practice was to obtain wealth or gifts from the king. Individuals sought to please the king through their dedicated service in hopes of advancing their own lives and livelihoods. However, failing to perform chakari correctly could result in serious consequences.
The play effectively captures the essence of the practice of chakari. The main characters, Laxminarayan and the cowherds Gore and Jitman, are frequently depicted engaging in chakari for their king. Laxminarayan, for instance, is once punished for speaking in a loud voice in front of the king, highlighting the anxiety associated with the actions and expectations of the king. When the bull dies, Laxminarayan is acutely aware of the king's potential anger and punishment, prompting him to carefully strategize his moves to protect himself and the cowherds from severe consequences. In the play, they address the bull as "the bull sir," further emphasizing their commitment to chakari.
Yes, I have noticed a similar practice of chakari in my society. In certain social and professional settings, individuals often engage in acts of dedicated service or go the extra mile to please those in positions of power or authority. This can be observed in workplaces, where employees may strive to impress their superiors to gain recognition, promotions, or other benefits. Similarly, in political or social circles, people may actively support and serve influential figures in the hopes of receiving favors or advancing their own interests. While the extent and specific manifestations of chakari may vary, the underlying motivation to gain favor through dedicated service is present in my society.
d. How does Laxminarayan outsmart Rana Bahadur?
Laxminarayan tricks Rana Bahadur by using his cleverness. When he hears that the king's bull has died, he rushes to the king's palace. Laxminarayan knows that the king will get angry, so he doesn't tell him the truth right away. Instead, he tells the king that the bull was sick and even has the cowherds take care of it. This makes the king believe that the bull died from its sickness, and it saves Laxminarayan and the cowherds from getting in trouble.
e. Sketch the character of Laxminarayan.
Laxminarayan, a character in the play 'The Bull,' is depicted as a complex individual. He is a 40-year-old legal officer and the king's bull doctor. Despite being married to seven wives, he remains unsatisfied and even plans to marry an eighth wife. When he learns about the death of the king's bull, he showcases his intelligence by employing cunning tactics to flatter the king.
Rather than immediately delivering the news, Laxminarayan first informs the king about the bull's sickness. To further please the king, he instructs the cowherds to massage and fan the bull when the king visits the cowshed. Through these actions, Laxminarayan and the cowherds manage to escape punishment from the king. Laxminarayan's cleverness and ability to manipulate situations demonstrate his skill in outsmarting others, particularly the king.
Reference beyond the text
a. Write an essay in about 300 words on “The Nepali Society: Past, Present and Future”.
The Nepali Society: Past, Present, and Future
The society of Nepal has undergone significant transformations throughout its history, and it continues to evolve in the present day, holding promise for a better future. Reflecting on the past, we can gain insights into the challenges faced by Nepali society and the progress achieved over time.
In the past, Nepal was ruled by a monarchy, with strict control over people's lives and limited freedom of expression. The society was characterized by male dominance, with men having the right to marry multiple wives and women being subjected to patriarchal rules and ideals. Fundamental rights were often denied, and political and financial knowledge was limited to a privileged few. Child marriage was prevalent, and women were largely unaware of their rights and opportunities.
However, the present Nepali society tells a different story. Over the years, significant strides have been made towards a more inclusive and equitable society. Human rights and women's rights have gained prominence, providing protection and empowerment to individuals. The literacy rate among women has increased, granting them access to education and knowledge. Women have assumed positions of power in various economic and political spheres, challenging traditional gender roles and contributing to the overall development of the nation.
Furthermore, the concept of equality and equity has gained traction, breaking down barriers based on caste, ethnicity, and social background. Patriarchal traditions, such as child marriage and discriminatory practices, are gradually being dismantled. Numerous organizations and initiatives are actively working towards the betterment of women and marginalized communities, promoting social justice and equal opportunities for all.
Looking to the future, Nepali society holds immense potential for further progress. With an emphasis on education, gender equality, and social welfare, Nepal can continue on its path of transformation. By investing in quality education for all, the nation can empower its citizens with knowledge and critical thinking skills, enabling them to actively participate in shaping a just and prosperous society.
Moreover, it is crucial to address persistent challenges such as poverty, inequality, and corruption. By promoting sustainable development, ensuring access to healthcare, and fostering an environment that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship, Nepal can create opportunities for its citizens, fostering economic growth and social well-being.
In conclusion, the Nepali society has come a long way from its past, witnessing remarkable changes and progress. The present reflects a more inclusive and egalitarian society, with increasing rights and opportunities for all. By building upon these achievements and addressing remaining challenges, Nepal can envision a future that is defined by social justice, equal opportunities, and sustainable development. The collective efforts of individuals, organizations, and the government will play a pivotal role in shaping a prosperous and harmonious society for generations to come.
In his “Satire 9”, Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux says:
But satire, ever moral, ever new
Delights the reader and instructs him, too.
She, if good sense, refine her sterling page,
Oft shakes some rooted folly of the age.
Do you agree with the poet? Discuss the lines with reference to Bhimnidhi Tiwari’s play “The Bull”
I agree with Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux's assertion in "Satire 9" that satire is not only enjoyable for readers but also carries a moral message and instructs them. Bhimnidhi Tiwari's play "The Bull" exemplifies this by using satire to critique the late eighteenth-century Nepali society.
"The Bull" skillfully employs satire to shed light on societal issues such as patriarchal power dynamics, blind obedience to authority, and the mistreatment of women. By presenting these follies in a satirical manner, the play challenges the audience to question prevailing norms and values. Through satire, the play acts as a mirror for society, encouraging introspection and critical examination.
The power of satire in "The Bull" lies in its ability to both entertain and educate. The play's satirical portrayal of characters and situations prompts the audience to reflect on their own beliefs and behaviors. By shaking rooted follies, satire initiates a process of personal and societal growth, inspiring the audience to strive for a more enlightened and equitable society.
In conclusion, "The Bull" demonstrates the capacity of satire to delight and instruct readers. By employing satire effectively, Bhimnidhi Tiwari's play critiques societal flaws and encourages reflection and positive change. Satire serves as a powerful tool for social critique and transformation, offering both entertainment and moral lessons to its audience.