Introduction to Logic and Statement

Introduction of Logic

In the dictionary, Logic means reasoning conducted according to strict principles of validity. It means तर्क in Nepali.

In mathematics or in other fields, proof of statements is required to declare something as a theorem and formulae. For valid results, we use statements, relations of statements, and (symbols). Logic is the discipline that is required in the procedure of getting valid results.

Statement

A statement is an assertion (दाबी) expressed in words or symbols, which is either true or false but not both at the same time. The statement is also called proposition (प्रस्ताव).

Some examples of statements:

1. A triangle has four sides. (false)
2. 2 + 5 = 7 (true)

Types of Statement:
There are two types of statements: Simple and Compound.

Simple Statement: A statement which declares only one thing is known as a simple statement. It consists of a single statement.

Some examples of simple statements:

1. Bhanu Bhakta Acharya is a great poet.
2. 2 + 5 = 7

Compound statement: Compound statement is the combination of two or more simple statements using the words like 'and', 'or', 'not', etc.

Some examples of compound statements:

1. Dibas went to Lamjung, and Shrawan went to Nagaland.
2. Nima is tall, but Sulav is short.